Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. It has become a growing concern in India, with more cases diagnosed yearly. Despite its rising numbers, there is still a lack of awareness, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. This article aims to educate readers on breast cancer, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and ways to prevent it.
What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast tissue grow abnormally and uncontrollably. These cells can form a lump or mass and may spread to other body parts if not detected early.
There are different types of breast cancer:
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, where cancer cells spread beyond the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue.
Triple-negative breast cancer: a rare but aggressive type that does not respond to hormonal therapy.
Breast Cancer Statistics in India:
In India, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. According to recent data, approximately one in 28 women is likely to develop breast cancer during her lifetime. Urban areas show a higher incidence rate compared to rural areas due to lifestyle changes, stress, and lack of physical activity. However, awareness and early detection can significantly reduce mortality rates.
Did you know? 60% of breast cancer cases in India are diagnosed at an advanced stage, making treatment more difficult. This highlights the importance of regular checkups and awareness campaigns.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of breast cancer is not known, but several factors can increase the risk:
Causes
Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk.
Hormonal Imbalances: Prolonged exposure to estrogen can increase the risk.
Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, and alcohol consumption are known contributors.
Risk Factors
Age: Women above the age of 50 are at a higher risk.
Family History: If a close relative has had breast cancer, the risk is higher.
Early Menstruation and Late Menopause: Prolonged hormonal exposure increases the risk.
Obesity: Being overweight, especially after menopause, raises the risk.
Signs and Symptoms
Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for effective treatment. Here are some common signs to watch out for:
Lump in the Breast or Underarm: The most common symptom. It may or may not be painful.
Changes in Breast Shape or Size: One breast may look different from the other.
Nipple Discharge: Any unusual discharge, especially if it is bloody.
Skin Changes: Redness, dimpling, or peeling of the breast skin.
Nipple Changes: Inversion or retraction of the nipple.
Important: Many lumps are non-cancerous, but it is always better to get them checked by a doctor.
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
If you notice any symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. Here’s how breast cancer is diagnosed:
Physical Examination: The doctor will examine your breasts for lumps or abnormalities.
Mammography: A low-dose X-ray that helps detect lumps or changes in the breast tissue.
Ultrasound and MRI: Used to get detailed images of the breast tissue.
Biopsy: The most definitive test. A sample of breast tissue is taken and examined for cancer cells.
Self-Examination Tips
Women should perform a self-breast examination once a month. Here’s how:
- Stand in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and arms on your hips.
- Look for any changes in shape, size, or colour.
- Raise your arms and check for the same changes.
- Feel your breasts while lying down and standing up for any lumps or abnormalities.
Treatment Options for Breast Cancer
The treatment depends on the stage and type of breast cancer. Here are some common options:
1. Surgery
Lumpectomy: removes the cancerous lump and a small portion of surrounding tissue.
Mastectomy: Removes the entire breast tissue to prevent the spread of cancer.
2. Radiation Therapy
High-energy rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells. This is often done after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.
3. Chemotherapy
Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It can be given before or after surgery.
4. Hormone Therapy
Some breast cancers are hormone-sensitive. Hormone therapy helps block the hormones that fuel cancer growth.
5. Targeted Therapy
This involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells without affecting healthy cells.
Prevention of Breast Cancer
While you cannot eliminate the risk, you can take steps to reduce your chances of getting breast cancer:
Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Exercise Regularly: At least 30 minutes of physical activity five times a week.
Stop drinking alcohol: Even a small amount of alcohol can increase the risk.
Breastfeeding: Women who breastfeed have a lower risk of developing breast cancer.
Regular checkups: Get regular mammograms and consult a doctor if you notice any changes.
Myths and misconceptions about breast cancer
Let’s bust some common myths:
- Myth: Only older women get breast cancer.
Fact: Breast cancer can affect women of any age.
- Myth: All breast lumps are cancerous.
Fact: Most lumps are just that, but it’s important to get them checked.
- Myth: Wearing a bra causes breast cancer.
Fact: There is no scientific evidence to support this claim.
Coping with breast cancer
Being diagnosed with breast cancer can be very traumatic. Here are some ways to deal with it:
Emotional support: Talk to family, friends or support groups.
Stay positive: Positive thinking can make a huge difference in the journey to recovery.
Seek professional help: Do not hesitate to contact counsellors or physicians.
Why choose Apollo Hospitals, Jabalpur?
At Apollo Hospitals, Jabalpur, we take pride in being a centre of excellence in oncology. Our dedicated team of specialists provides comprehensive breast cancer care, from diagnosis to treatment and post-recovery support.
Our services include:
- Advanced mammography and diagnostic equipment
- Personalised treatment plans
- Surgical expertise in breast cancer
- Supportive care and counselling for patients and families
Your health is our priority. Timely detection can save lives – don’t wait. Visit Apollo Hospitals, Jabalpur for expert care and guidance.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is a serious health issue, but timely detection and treatment can save lives. By staying informed and taking preventive measures, you can reduce your risk. Remember, regular check-ups and self-examination are important. If you notice any unusual changes, consult a doctor immediately. At Apollo Hospitals, Jabalpur, our experts are there to guide you through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Don’t delay checking your health – early detection can make a big difference.
