Thoracic cancer encompasses a group of cancers that develop in the chest region, including the lungs, oesophagus, and other structures within the thoracic cavity. It is one of the most common types of cancer globally and can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life if not diagnosed and treated promptly. At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, our expert oncology team provides advanced diagnostics and treatment options for thoracic cancers, ensuring patients receive the best possible care.

Understanding Thoracic Cancer

Thoracic cancer refers to tumors that develop in the chest area. The most prevalent type is lung cancer, which is categorized into two main types:

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): The most common form, accounting for around 85% of lung cancer cases. It grows at a slower rate compared to other types and is further divided into subtypes like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): A more aggressive type that metastasizes rapidly. It often presents at an advanced stage and requires intensive treatment.

Other types of thoracic cancers include

Oesophageal Cancer: Cancer of the oesophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It can occur anywhere along the oesophagus and is commonly linked to smoking and alcohol consumption.

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: Tumours that start in the thymus gland, which is situated in the upper chest. Thymoma is usually benign, while thymic carcinoma tends to be more aggressive.

Pleural Mesothelioma: Cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs (pleura), often caused by asbestos exposure. It is an uncommon yet severe condition.

Signs and Symptoms of Thoracic Cancer

Early identification of thoracic cancer is vital for effective treatment. Here are some symptoms to be aware of:

  • Persistent cough that doesn’t go away
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Hoarseness or voice changes
  • Coughing up blood (haemoptysis)
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Swelling in the face or neck
  • Recurrent respiratory infections

These symptoms may vary depending on the type and stage of cancer. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice without delay. At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we offer comprehensive screening and diagnostic services to detect thoracic cancer in its early stages.

Risk Factors for Thoracic Cancer

Several factors can increase the risk of developing thoracic cancer:

  • Smoking: The leading cause of lung cancer. The risk rises with both the quantity of cigarettes consumed and the length of time spent smoking.
  • Exposure to Asbestos: A significant risk factor for pleural mesothelioma. Workers in industries like construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing are at higher risk.
  • Environmental Pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollutants, including second-hand smoke and industrial emissions, can increase the risk.
  • Genetics: Family history of thoracic cancer can increase the risk. Specific genetic mutations are associated with a higher risk.
  • Chronic Lung Diseases: Conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis can elevate the risk of lung cancer.
  • Age: The risk of thoracic cancer increases with age, especially after the age of 60.

Taking preventive measures, such as quitting smoking and reducing exposure to harmful substances, can lower your risk of thoracic cancer.

Advanced Diagnostic Tools at Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur

  • Chest X-rays: An initial imaging test to detect abnormalities in the lungs and chest cavity.
  • CT Scans: Provide detailed cross-sectional images of the chest, helping to identify tumours and determine their size and location.
  • PET Scans: Help identify cancerous tissues and determine the extent of spread (metastasis).
  • Bronchoscopy: a procedure used to inspect the airways and obtain tissue samples for biopsy.
  • Biopsy: Confirms the presence of cancer cells by analysing a tissue sample under a microscope.
  • MRI Scans: Used to assess tumour size, location, and impact on surrounding tissues.

These advanced diagnostic tools enable our specialists to accurately diagnose thoracic cancer and develop personalized treatment plans.

Personalized Treatment Options for Thoracic Cancer:

Our oncology experts at Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur provide individualized treatment plans based on the type, stage, and location of the cancer. Common treatment options include:

1. Surgery
Surgical intervention is often the primary treatment for thoracic cancers, especially in the early stages. The type of surgery depends on the tumour’s size and spread:

  • Lobectomy: Removal of a lobe of the lung.
  • Pneumonectomy: Removal of an entire lung.
  • Segmentectomy: Removal of a portion of a lung lobe.

Our skilled surgeons ensure that patients receive the best surgical care with minimal complications.

2. Radiation Therapy
High-energy radiation is used to target and destroy cancer cells. It is often used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) are advanced techniques that minimize damage to healthy tissues.

3. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves using powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) to shrink the tumour or after surgery (adjuvant therapy) to eliminate remaining cancer cells.

4. Immunotherapy
This innovative treatment boosts the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It is particularly effective for advanced-stage lung cancers.

5. Targeted Therapy
Targeted drugs are designed to attack specific mutations in cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This personalized approach has shown significant success in treating non-small cell lung cancer.

Prevention Tips for Thoracic Cancer

Reducing your risk of thoracic cancer starts with making healthy lifestyle choices. Here are some practical tips to keep your lungs and chest cavity healthy:

  • Quit Smoking: The most effective way to reduce your risk. Seek support from cessation programs if needed.
  • Avoid Exposure to Asbestos: Take precautions if you work in industries where asbestos exposure is a risk.
  • Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables to boost your immune system.
  • Exercise Regularly: Physical activity helps improve lung function and overall health.
  • Get Regular Check-ups: Early detection can save lives. Schedule routine screenings, especially if you have risk factors.