Pediatric cancer refers to cancers that affect children and adolescents, typically under the age of 18. Though rare, it is one of the leading causes of disease-related deaths among children in India. With medical advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the survival rates for children with cancer have improved significantly. However, cancer remains a challenging diagnosis, and early intervention is key to enhancing survival outcomes.
At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we aim to raise awareness about pediatric cancer, its types, treatment options, and the critical importance of early diagnosis. We are committed to providing the highest standard of care for our young patients and their families.
What is Pediatric Cancer?
Pediatric cancer refers to any cancer that affects children. These cancers are different from those that occur in adults, both in their biological behavior and treatment. In India, approximately 50,000 new cases of pediatric cancer are diagnosed annually. Though cancer treatment for children has advanced, there is still much work to be done to ensure that every child has access to the care they need, especially in rural areas.
At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we provide the latest treatments, diagnostic services, and emotional support to ensure children diagnosed with cancer and their families receive the best care possible.
Types of Pediatric Cancer
The most common types of cancer in children are:
Leukemia (Blood Cancer)
Leukemia, particularly Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), is the most frequent childhood cancer. It affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to abnormal production of blood cells. Leukemia accounts for approximately 30% of pediatric cancers in India. The good news is that leukemia can be treated effectively with chemotherapy, and the survival rates for ALL have improved significantly in recent years.
Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors
Brain tumors, such as gliomas and medulloblastomas, are the second most common type of pediatric cancer. These tumors can affect a child’s neurological function, leading to symptoms like headaches, vomiting, and seizures. Early detection and treatment are essential to improving outcomes.
Neuroblastoma
This cancer originates in the nerve tissue and often affects children under the age of 5. It most commonly appears in the abdomen but can also affect the chest or neck. Early diagnosis of neuroblastoma is critical for successful treatment.
Wilms Tumor (Kidney Cancer)
Wilms tumor is the most common kidney cancer in children and typically affects children under the age of 5. With timely detection and surgery, the cure rate for Wilms tumor is high, making it one of the more treatable pediatric cancers.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (Soft Tissue Cancer)
This cancer affects the muscles and soft tissues and can occur in various parts of the body, including the head, neck, and limbs. It is often treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Retinoblastoma (Eye Cancer)
Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer that affects the retina of the eye, usually in children under 5 years old. It is often noticed by a white reflection in the child’s eye or problems with vision. Timely treatment can save vision and prevent the spread of cancer.
Lymphomas (Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s)
Lymphomas are cancers of the lymphatic system, which includes the lymph nodes. Both Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are common among children and adolescents, and treatment typically involves chemotherapy and sometimes radiation.
3. Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of pediatric cancer remains unclear, certain factors may increase the risk:
Genetics: Some cancers, such as retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor, have genetic links. Children with inherited genetic conditions may be at an increased risk of developing cancer.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to environmental pollutants, industrial chemicals, or radiation can raise the risk, though these factors are less common.
Family History: In some cases, children may inherit genes from family members that make them more prone to certain cancers.
At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we encourage genetic counseling and awareness to help families understand potential risks and seek early diagnosis and prevention options.
Symptoms to Watch For
Recognizing the signs of cancer early is critical for successful treatment. Parents should be vigilant for the following symptoms:
- Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
- Frequent infections or fever
- Lumps or swelling in the abdomen, neck, or limbs
- Severe headaches, vomiting, or vision problems (common with brain tumors)
- Bone pain or joint pain
- Persistent fatigue, pale skin, or easy bruising
If any of these symptoms persist or worsen, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional immediately. Early diagnosis is critical for improving the child’s chances of recovery.
Diagnosis of Pediatric Cancer
At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we use state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques to identify pediatric cancer early. Some of the diagnostic tools we use include:
Blood Tests: These tests help detect abnormal blood cell counts and signs of leukemia.
Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, and X-rays are used to detect tumors and monitor their growth.
Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a small tissue sample to confirm the presence of cancer.
Bone Marrow Tests: These tests are especially important for diagnosing blood cancers like leukemia.
With access to these advanced tools, our medical team ensures that cancer is diagnosed as early as possible, leading to better treatment outcomes.
Treatment Options Available at Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur
At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we offer a comprehensive range of treatment options for pediatric cancer. These include:
Surgery: Often used to remove tumors, particularly in cancers like Wilms tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Chemotherapy: A key treatment option for leukemia and other cancers, chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy: This treatment uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells.
Stem Cell Transplants: Stem cell or bone marrow transplants are used for blood cancers like leukemia when chemotherapy alone is not sufficient.
Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: These newer therapies are designed to specifically target cancer cells, offering hope for children with resistant cancers.
Our expert oncologists work closely with each patient to design a personalized treatment plan that provides the best chance of a full recovery.
Challenges and Support for Pediatric Cancer Patients
Despite advances in treatment, pediatric cancer poses several challenges. These include:
Side Effects: Treatment side effects can affect a child’s physical and emotional well-being.
Psychological Impact: Cancer treatment can be emotionally taxing, and families often need counseling to cope with the stress.
Financial Burden: Cancer treatment can be expensive, and financial assistance may be necessary for some families.
At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we offer psychosocial support, financial counseling, and emotional care to help families navigate these challenges. We also collaborate with NGOs and other organizations to provide additional support.
Survival Rates and Prognosis
The prognosis for pediatric cancer depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and how quickly treatment begins. For example:
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): With modern treatment, survival rates for ALL have reached over 80%.
Neuroblastoma: Survival rates can vary depending on the stage at diagnosis, but early detection significantly improves the chances of recovery.
The overall survival rate for pediatric cancer has improved over the years, and Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur is committed to providing cutting-edge treatments to ensure the best possible outcomes for our young patients.
The Role of Awareness and Early Detection
Raising awareness about pediatric cancer is crucial for early detection and better treatment outcomes. At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we are dedicated to educating parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals about the signs and symptoms of pediatric cancer, ensuring that children receive timely medical attention.
Conclusion
Pediatric cancer is a serious challenge, but with timely intervention, the right treatment, and support, children can overcome it. At Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur, we are committed to providing the best care possible for young patients and their families. Through early detection, advanced treatments, and emotional support, we aim to ensure that every child has the opportunity to fight cancer with hope and strength.
If you have concerns about your child’s health, or suspect symptoms of cancer, do not hesitate to contact our expert pediatric oncology team at Apollo Hospital, Jabalpur. Our compassionate staff is here to guide you through every step of your child’s treatment journey.
